Things You Need to Build a Basic Solar System
It all begins with an idea.
Building a solar system for your home requires several key components that work together to convert sunlight into electricity you can use. Each part plays an important role in making sure your system works safely and efficiently. Here's a beginners guide to the essential components.
Essential Components for Every Solar System
Here are the must-have parts needed to convert sunlight into usable electricity for your home:
Solar Panels - Capture sunlight and convert it into DC (direct current) electricity using silicon cells through the photovoltaic effect
Inverter - Converts the DC electricity from panels into AC (alternating current) electricity that your home appliances can use
Mounting System - Securely attaches solar panels to your roof or ground, designed to handle wind and weather conditions, and also safely ground the equipment in case of electrical fault.
DC Wiring - Carries electricity from the solar panels to the inverter safely using special outdoor-rated cables
AC Disconnect Switch - Allows you to safely shut off the solar system for maintenance or emergencies
Production Meter - Measures how much electricity your solar panels are generating (often app based)
Electrical Panel Connection - Links your solar system to your home's main electrical panel to distribute power throughout your house. Often this is a separate sub-panel, although in some cases you can connect your inverter output to your main service panel. (Note: Both AC and DC electrical work can lead to injury or death, always consult a licensed professional. Georgia Solar Panels strongly recommends hiring a licensed electrician)
Net Meter (if grid-tied) - Also called bi-directional meter. Special utility meter that tracks electricity flowing both to and from the electrical grid.
Battery Storage (Optional)
While not required for a basic solar system, batteries can add extra value and flexibility to your setup:
Solar Batteries - Store excess electricity generated during sunny days for use when the sun isn't shining or during power outages
Charge Controller - Manages the flow of electricity to and from the batteries, converting between AC and DC as needed. Many “hybrid” or “off grid” inverters include a charge controller.
Battery Monitoring System - Tracks battery charge levels and health to ensure optimal performance and longevity. This is often integrated into a hybrid inverter’s software.
Why batteries are optional: Most basic solar systems are "grid-tied," meaning they connect directly to your local electrical grid. When your panels produce more electricity than you need, the extra power goes back to the grid, and you receive credits on your electric bill. When you need more power than your panels are making, you draw electricity from the grid as usual.
When you might want batteries: Batteries become valuable if you experience frequent power outages, want backup power for essential appliances, or live in an area where the electric company doesn't offer good rates for selling electricity back to the grid. They also provide energy independence and can help you use more of your own solar power instead of sending it to the grid.
Want to get Started in Solar? Give our NABCEP-Certified team a call! 404-533-9633